reject
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 拒绝考虑；不接受；不同意；抛弃；不录取
【形近词：】rejection
【例】[n]不接受 2013年阅读Text 4
The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
【参考译文：】在本质上，当局声称：因为它不想实现国会在移民方面的期望，任何州都不应该被允许这么做。每个法官都公正地驳回了如此异乎寻常的主张。
形近词
rejection
n. 拒绝
补充词汇
【同义词】
decline
v. 拒绝；谢绝
refuse
v. 拒绝；回绝
discard
v. 丢弃；抛弃
occur
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 发生；存在；出现；有；（想法或主意）被想起
【形近词：】occurrence, incur
【例】[n]发生 2009年阅读新题型
In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
【参考译文：】事实上，所有这些文化发展都分别于不同时间发生在世界上的许多地方。
形近词
occurrence
n. 发生；出现；发生的事情，事件
【例】[n]发生的事情，事件 2014年完型
As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments”.
【参考译文：】随着大脑逐渐退化，我们将这些情形称作“老年时刻”。
incur
v.招致；带来；遭受
【例】[n]招致 2011年阅读Text 1
We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has ______.
[A] incurred criticism
[B] raised suspicion
[C] received acclaim
[D] aroused curiosity
【参考译文：】从第一段中我们了解到，吉尔伯特的任命______。
[A] 招来批评
[B] 引起怀疑
[C] 受到欢迎
[D] 引发好奇心
补充词汇
【同义词】
happen
v. 发生；出现；碰巧
【近义词】
arise
v. 产生；出现
meet
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 遇见，会见；会谈；经历；遭到；满足
【例】[n]满足 2014年阅读Text 1
To which of the following would the author most probably agree?
[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.
[B] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.
[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.
【参考译文：】作者最有可能认可下面哪一项？
[A] 英国的福利制度助长了求职者的懒惰。
[B] 奥斯本的改革将减少失业的风险。
[C] 求职者的津贴满足了他们的实际需求。
[D] 失业福利不应有附加条件。
补充词汇
【近义词】
assemble
v. (使)集合；(使)聚集；(使)集会
congregate
v. 聚集；集合
personal
词频 ★★★★☆
adj. 个人的，私人的；亲自的，本人的；人身的
【形近词：】interpersonal, personality, impersonal
形近词
interpersonal
adj. 人与人之间的；人际的
【例】[adj]人与人之间的；人际的 2008 年阅读Text 1
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.
【参考译文：】女性遭受的人际暴力往往发生在家庭环境中。不幸的是，这种暴力往往来自于父母或其他家庭成员，而且通常都不是一次性的。
personality
n. 人格；性格；个性；名人
impersonal
adj. 不受个人情感影响的；冷淡的；客观的
补充词汇
【同义词】
individual
adj. 个人的；个别的；独特的
private
adj. 个人的；私人的
indeed
词频 ★★★★☆
adv. 实际上；确实，实在；真正地；多么
【例】[adv]确实，实在 2014年阅读Text 3
The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.
【参考译文：】正如亚历山大·波利亚科夫今年3月份接受本年度的奖项时所言，价值300万美元的基础物理学奖的确是一个有趣的尝试。
补充词汇
【同义词】
certainly
adv. 确定地；当然地
definitely
adv. 明确地；确切地
manage
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 管理；经营；处理；设法对付；控制；操作
【形近词：】manager, manageable, management
形近词
manager
n. 管理者；经理
【例】[n]管理者；经理 2011年阅读Text 2
A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
【参考译文：】混乱的商业环境也使得高层管理者警惕用模糊的声明来破坏自己的声誉。
【例】[n]管理者；经理 2014年阅读Text 2
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.
【参考译文：】事实上，允许非职业律师参股可以鼓励律师事务所使用高科技，雇用职业经理人专门负责提高事务所的效率，从而减少开支，改善顾客服务。
manageable
adj. 可管理的；可控制的；可处理的
【例】[adj]可管理的；可控制的 2011年完型
But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have ______ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
[A] measurable
[B] manageable
[C] affordable
[D] renewable
【参考译文：】但是由于大笑很难持续，所以一场酣畅淋漓的大笑也不可能像散步或慢跑那样带来 ______ 好处。
[A] 显著的；重大的
[B] 可管理的；可控制的
[C] 买得起的；负担得起的
[D] 可更新的；可持续的
management
n. (商务或机构的)管理，经营；管理部门；安排；驾驭
【例】[n](商务或机构的)管理，经营 2016年阅读Text 4
Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should ___________
[A] seek new sources of leadership.
[B] end the print edition for good.
[C] aim for efficient management.
[D] make strategic adjustments.
【参考译文：】佩雷蒂暗示，在面对目前的形势下，《时代周刊》应该___________
[A] 寻找新的领导资源。
[B] 终止印刷版为妙。
[C] 旨在高效管理。
[D] 做出战略调整。
补充词汇
【同义词】
administer
v. 管理；治理
【近义词】
regulate
v. 管理；调整；控制
control
v. 控制；管理
recognize
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 认出；识别；承认
【形近词：】unrecognized, recognition
【例】[n]识别 2012年阅读Text 1
Rosenberg holds that public advocates should ______.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers’ experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
【参考译文：】罗森伯格认为公共(卫生)倡导者应该______。
[A] 招募职业广告人
[B] 学习广告人的经验
[C] 远离商业广告人
[D] 识别广告的局限性
形近词
unrecognized
adj. 未被认识的；未被承认的；未被认定的
【例】[adj]未被认识的 2008年阅读Text 3
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality.
【参考译文：】但是，体育中的这种趋势也许掩盖了一个未被认识的事实。
recognition
n. 认识；识别；承认；接受；赞赏；认可
【例】[n]认可 2012年阅读Text 3
Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it ______.
[A] has attracted the attention of the general public
[B] has been examined by the scientific community
[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers
[D] has been frequently quoted by peer scientists
【参考译文：】第三段表明一项发现声明在______之后变得可信。
[A] 吸引了公众的注意力
[B] 经过科学界的检验
[C] 获得编辑和评论家的认可
[D] 被同行科学家频繁地引用
object
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 反对
n. 物体；目的；目标；客体；对象
【形近词：】objection, objective, objectivity, objectiveness
【例】[n]反对 2013年阅读Text 2
Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
【参考译文：】由于不能确定有的用户是真的不愿意接受行为广告还是在沿用微软的默认设置，一些商家可能不会去理会“禁止追踪”的提醒，依然我行我素。
形近词
objection
n. 反对；不喜欢；异议
【例】[n]异议 2013年阅读Text 4
The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
【参考译文：】唯一的主要反对意见来自于大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚。他愈发强烈地维护各州的特权，这些权力可以追溯至《客籍法和惩治叛乱法》。
objective
adj. 客观的；如实的
n. 目的；目标；宾格
【例】[adj]客观的 2011年阅读Text 3
Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing.
【参考译文：】除了创收之外，其他营销者的出现令该网站看起来公正客观，而且给公司提供了机会，可以学习关于其他公司营销吸引力的有用信息。
【例】[adj]客观的 2012年阅读Text 3
In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.
【参考译文：】理想的科学实践模式应该是这样的：客观的研究者运用科学的方法来开展工作,观察和收集关于这个世界的真相。
objectivity
n. 客观性；客观
objectiveness
n. 客观
【例】[n]客观 2010年阅读Text 4
The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of ______.
[A] satisfaction
[B] skepticism
[C] objectiveness
[D] sympathy
【参考译文：】作者对于规则制定者的态度是______。
[A] 满意
[B] 怀疑
[C] 客观
[D] 同情
补充词汇
【词组】
object to sth./doing sth.：反对(做)某事
trust
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 信任；依赖；盼望；希望；委托
n. 信任；依赖；委托；信托，托管；信托基金机构
【形近词：】distrust, mistrusted
形近词
distrust
v. 不信任
n. 不信任
mistrusted
adj. 不信任的；多疑的
补充词汇
【词组】
trust fund：信托基金
put trust in sb./sth.：信任……，信赖……
critical
词频 ★★★★☆
adj. 批判的；评论的；危急的；重要的；挑剔的；临界的
【形近词：】critically, hypocritical, criticize
【例】[adj]临界的 2010年阅读Text 3
Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.
【参考译文：】不管一个人在当地的影响力有多大，只有(被影响人群)达到一个能引起连锁反应的临界量时，他(她)才会具有全球影响力。
形近词
critically
adv. 批判性地；苛求地；危急地；严重地；关键地
【例】[adv]批判性地 2007年阅读新题型
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically.
【参考译文：】他们(孩子)应该知道如何应对挫折、压力和无法胜任的感觉。他们也要学会如何解决问题、化解冲突、集思广益以及进行批判性思考。
hypocritical
adj. 伪善的；虚伪的；伪善者的；伪君子的
criticize
v. 评论，批评；批判
补充词汇
【词组】
be critical of：挑毛病；批评
immediate
词频 ★★★★☆
adj. 立即的，即时的；直接的；最接近的；目前的，当前的
【形近词：】immediately
【例】[adj]目前的；当前的 2013年阅读Text 3
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.
【参考译文：】或许我们总是觉得，思考如此长的时间跨度(指遥远的未来)比思考近期(要发生什么)可能要容易得多。
形近词
immediately
adv. 立即，立刻；直接地
conj. 一……就
补充词汇
【同义词】
instant
adj. 立即的；速溶的
let
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 允许，听任；假设；出租，租给；任由，让
【形近词：】outlet
【例】[n]让 2011年阅读Text 2
A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
【参考译文：】混乱的商业环境也让高层管理者警惕用模糊的声明来破坏自己的声誉。
形近词
outlet
n. 出口；(情感的)发泄途径
补充词汇
【词组】
let out：放出，释放；发出；结束
let alone：不管；更不必说
【例】更不必说 2009年阅读Text 4
While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality.
【参考译文：】极少有工匠或农民(更不用说靠他们养活的家人及仆人)留下文学作品以供分析，显而易见的是，他们的观点不太具备知识性。他们的思想中往往有一种传统的迷信色彩。
advocate
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 提倡者；拥护者；支持者
v. 提倡；拥护；主张
【例】[n]拥护 2011年阅读Text 1
Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”
【参考译文：】甚至连在《纽约时报》上发文支持吉尔伯特任命的托马西尼都称其为“一个谦逊的音乐家，在他身上看不到指挥家那种令人敬畏的气势”。
【例】[n]支持者 2013年阅读Text 1
She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.
【参考译文：】她展现出了许多支持可持续发展的人所共有的理想，无论在粮食还是在能源方面。
【例】[n]提倡；主张 2014年阅读Text 4
The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.
【参考译文：】这份报告提倡加大对外语、国际事务以及留学项目扩充的研究。
instance
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 例子；事例；实例
【形近词：】instantly, instantaneously
形近词
instantly
adv. 立刻，马上
【例】[adv]立刻，马上 2010年阅读Text 4
European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.
【参考译文：】欧洲各国部长立刻要求国际财务准则委员会照样做。
instantaneously
adv. 立刻地；突如其来地
补充词汇
【词组】
for instance：例如；譬如
preserve
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 保护区；禁猎地；蜜饯；果酱；专属工作；独占的事物
v. 保护；维持；保存；保藏；腌制
补充词汇
【同义词】
maintain
v. 维持；保持；保养
【例】[n]维持 2012年完型
The court cannot maintain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law when justices behave like politicians.
【参考译文：】当法官像政客一样行事，法庭就无法维持其作为法规守护者的合法性。