relate
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 叙述；讲述；和……联系
【形近词：】interrelated, correlate, correlated
形近词
interrelated
adj. 相关的，互相联系的
correlate
v. 相互关联；极为相似；使显示联系；使相互关联
correlated
adj. 有相互联系的
补充词汇
【词组】
be correlated with：与……有关；与……相联系
【例】与……相联系 2007年阅读Text 2
Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.
【参考译文：】研究发现，在测试在低压力情况下进行时，智商能够预测领导能力；而在高压力情况下，智商与领导力呈负相关，也就是说它会预测出相反的结果。
relate to：有关，涉及
【近义词】
bond
v. 与……紧密联系
commune
v. 与……融为一体
directly
词频 ★★★★☆
adv. 直接地；笔直地；坦率地，直截了当地；正好地；即刻，马上
【形近词：】directory, directive, indirectly
【例】[adv]直接地 2009年阅读Text 2
More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
【参考译文：】有二十多家公司将DNA测试直接卖给公众，价格从几百美元到2500多美元不等。
【例】[adv]直接地 2011年阅读Text 3
Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
【参考译文：】比如，在今年早些时候发生的召回危机中，丰田汽车公司较快地开展了精心策划的社交媒介回应行动，包括在推特和社会新闻网站掘客上与客户进行直接交流，从而减少了一些损失。
形近词
directory
n. 姓名住址簿；工商名录；号码簿；董事会，理事会；指南，使用手册
adj. 指导的；咨询的
directive
adj. 指导的；管理的；方向性的
n. 指令
【例】[adj]指导的 2009年翻译
Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
【参考译文：】人们慢慢才注意到机构的这一副产品，而把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。
indirectly
adv. 间接地；迁回地；婉转地；不坦率地
【例】[adv]间接地 2012年阅读Text 4
It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is______.
[A] illegally secured
[B] indirectly augmented
[C] excessively increased
[D] fairly adjusted
【参考译文：】根据第四段可以得知，公共部门的收入是______。
[A] 非法获得的
[B] 间接地增加的
[C] 过度地增加的
[D] 公平地调整的
补充词汇
【同义词】
straight
adv. 直接地；坦率地
【例】[adv]坦率地 2011年阅读Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up.
【参考译文：】当莱姆·麦吉在8月份从美国银行辞去总裁一职时，他的解释出人意料地坦率。
【近义词】
frankly
adv. 直率地；坦诚地
otherwise
词频 ★★★★☆
adv. 与之不同地；相反地；以其他方式；在其他方面
【例】[adv]在其他方面 2013年阅读Text 4
In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
【参考译文：】实际上，白宫宣称它可以使其他任何它不同意的合法州法律变得无效。
补充词汇
[反义词]
likewise
adv. 同样地；而且
reflect
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 反映；表现；思考；深思；考虑
【形近词：】reflection, unreflecting
【例】[n]思考 2007年翻译
Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.
【参考译文：】通过理解以及思考法律来提高判断能力，这是一名新闻记者为其事业所进行的知识准备的重要部分。
【例】[n]考虑 2011年阅读Text 2
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.
【参考译文：】麦吉说，他离职时并没有找好新的工作，这使他有时间去思考自己到底想经营一家什么样的公司。
形近词
reflection
n. 思考；见解；想法；反映；反射；表现；体现；倒影
unreflecting
adj. 不反射的；无思虑的；不反省的
【例】[adj]无思虑的 2009年阅读Text 1
“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” Williarn Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.
【参考译文：】威廉·华兹华斯在19世纪曾说过：“不是选择，而是习惯支配着缺乏思考的人群。”在变化无常的21世纪，甚至连“习惯”这个词都带有消极色彩。
补充词汇
【词组】
reflect on：思考；仔细想；回忆
despite
词频 ★★★★☆
prep. 不管；尽管
【例】[prep]尽管 2014年阅读Text 4
Unfortunately, despite 2 ½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.
【参考译文：】不幸的是，尽管该报告的撰写耗时两年半，《问题核心》却并未触及问题的核心：一流学院和大学的文科教育其实是不自由的。
补充词汇
【词组】
in spite of：尽管
discipline
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 训练；惩罚
n. 纪律；规定；学科；训练
【例】[n]学科 2011年阅读新题型
His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English.
【参考译文：】他关注的主要是人文学科，包括文学、语言、哲学等。这些学科正日趋没落：美国现在22%的大学毕业生主修商业，但相比之下，只有2%的人主修历史，4%的人主修英语。
land
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 陆地；土地；田地；国土；国家
v. (使)登陆；(使)着陆；弄到；捞到
【形近词：】mainland, landing
【例】[n]弄到；捞到 2011年阅读Text 2
Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly.
【参考译文：】那些还没找到工作就跳槽的人并非总能很快弄到高级职位。
形近词
mainland
n. 大陆；本土
adj. 大陆的；本土的
landing
n. 登陆；码头；楼梯平台
【例】[n]登陆 2007年阅读新题型
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.
【参考译文：】父母们可以做很多事来确保他们的孩子在刚步入成年时一切顺利。
element
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 元素；要素；组成部分
【形近词：】elevate
【例】[n]元素 2010年翻译
It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
【参考译文：】这(指仅靠商业模式运营的资源保护系统)往往会忽视，乃至最终铲除陆地群落中缺少商业价值的元素，但这些元素对整个陆地群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
形近词
elevate
v. 举起；提高；提升
【例】[n]提升 2016年阅读Text 1
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
【参考译文：】依靠伦理劝说而非法律条文是解决对理想身材的滥用的最好途径。更胜一筹的或许是帮助人们提升对美丽的看法，使其超越特定行业的物质标准。
indicate
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 指出；指示；表明；暗示
【例】[n]指出；表明 2011年阅读Text 3
The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ______.
[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.
【参考译文：】作者在第三段指出，赢得媒体 ______。
[A] 引发了与激动的消费者之间持续的冲突
[B] 可以被用来制造对营销不利的负面影响
[C] 可能会造成更激烈的竞争
[D] 理应得到它们的所有负面评论
expose
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 使暴露，使显露；揭露；揭发；使遭受
【形近词：】pose, purpose, propose, impose, compose, oppose, suppose, supposedly
【例】[n]使遭受 2011年阅读Text 4
It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks ______
[A] are constantly exposed to criticism
[B] are largely ignored by the media
[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities
[D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life
【参考译文：】由第三段可知，无儿女的人们______。
[A] 常常是受人指责的对象
[B] 在很大程度上被媒体所忽略
[C] 未能履行他们的社会责任
[D] 不太可能对自己的生活感到满意
形近词
pose
v. 摆姿势；装模作样；提出(讨论等)；造成；形成
n. 姿势；装模作样
【例】[n]造成 2007年阅读新题型
Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
【参考译文：】信中注明了不良赌博行为所具有的“生理及心理”特征，并指出在允许他重新进入赌场之前，他必须先出示生理和心理状况相关信息，以证明光顾赌场不会给他的安全和健康造成威胁。
purpose
n. 目的；用途；意志
v. 决心；企图；打算
【例】[n]目的 2008年阅读Text 4
The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
【参考译文：】南部各州要求对他们的“特别制度”进行保护，否则便不会签署宪法。这种“特别制度”包含一个条款，规定在选举国会代表时将一个奴隶视作五分之三个人。
propose
v. 主张；提议；建议；打算；计划；求婚
【例】[n]主张 2009年阅读新题型
Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity.
【参考译文：】迪尔凯姆主张宗教信仰的作用是加强社会团结。
【例】[n]提议 2013年阅读Text 2
In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.
【参考译文：】2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会提议在互联网浏览器上增加“禁止追踪”选项，如此一来，互联网用户就可以告诉广告者，他们不想被跟踪。
impose
v. 强加；征税；利用；欺骗；施加影响
compose
v. 相成；组成；写作；作曲；使平静；排字
【例】[n]写作 2008年阅读新题型
Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.
【参考译文：】不要试图第一次就能写出一个完美无误的稿子。
oppose
v. 反对；抗争
【例】[n]反对 2012年阅读Text 4
Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles.
【参考译文：】改革遭到了强烈反对，其中以来自教育部门的反对最为激烈。在教育部门中，特许学校、专科院校以及绩效工资都面临持久战。
suppose
v. 猜想，料想；假设；认为
【例】[n]假设 2012年翻译
Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for if all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.
【参考译文：】在这里，达尔文理论似乎提供了论据，因为如果所有人类都拥有共同的起源，那么提出如下的假设也是合理的：文化的多样性也可以追溯到更为受限的初级阶段。
supposedly
adv. 据说；可能；按照准则；恐怕
补充词汇
【词组】
be exposed to：暴露于；遭受
【例】遭受 2008年阅读Text 1
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one- shot deals.
【参考译文：】而女性遭受的人际暴力往往发生在家庭环境中。不幸的是，这种暴力往往来自于父母或其他家庭成员，而且通常都不是一次性的。
【例】遭受 2011年阅读Text 4
It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks______.
[A] are constantly exposed to criticism
[B] are largely ignored by the media
[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities
[D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life
【参考译文：】由第三段可知，无儿女的人们______。
[A] 常常是受人指责的对象
[B] 在很大程度上被媒体所忽略
[C] 未能履行他们的社会责任
[D] 不太可能对自己的生活感到满意
be composed of：组成
as opposed to：与……截然相反
【例】与……截然相反 2007年阅读新题型
Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes.
【参考译文：】孩子需要各种各样真实的榜样——一些与他们的同伴、明星以及受吹捧的运动员截然不同的人。
be supposed to：(按计划或期望)应当，应该
【例】（按计划或期望）应当，应该 2010年阅读Text 3
Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step- flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.
【参考译文：】然而，根据二级传播理论，恰是这些有影响力的非名人应该通过直接影响他们的朋友和同事来驱动社会流行。
religion
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 宗教；信仰；信念
【形近词：】religious
【例】[n]宗教 2012年阅读新题型
Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy.
【参考译文：】人类在如下方面的能力是独一无二的：不仅能够制造工具，而且会改变并使用这些工具创造富余的物质产品，比如绘画、雕塑和建筑；他们还能创造丰富的精神感受，比如音乐、文学、宗教和哲学。
形近词
religious
adj. 宗教的；虔诚的；宗教信仰坚定的
n. 修道士；尼姑
suffer
词频 ★★★★☆
v. (因疾病或处于其他不利境地而)受苦；受难；受折磨
【形近词：】suffering
【例】[v](因疾病或处于其他不利境地而)受苦；受难 2012年阅读Text 4
But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.
【参考译文：】但是在现行体制下，很多公共部门的人的日子也不好过。
形近词
suffering
n. 苦难；痛苦；折磨
补充词汇
【词组】
suffer sth./suffer from sth.：患(某种病)；受(某种病痛)折磨
epidemic
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 流行病；(疾病的)流行，传播；(坏事的)盛行，泛滥，猖獗
adj. 流行的；盛行的；肆虐的
【例】[n]流行病 2010年完型
It is the first worldwide epidemic designated by the World Health Organization in 41 years.
【参考译文：】这是世界卫生组织41年来命名的第一个全球流行疾病。
addict
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 吸毒成瘾者；瘾君子
v. 使沉溺；使上瘾
【例】[adj]上瘾的(此处为addict的形容词形式) 2012年阅读Text 4
Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around.
【参考译文：】其他许多人尽管并没有毒瘾或精神疾病，但也缺乏改变他们的人生所需要的日常生存技能。
payment
词频 ★★★★☆
n.付款；支付；支付的款项；付款额
【例】[n]付款 2014年阅读Text 1
The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.
【参考译文：】英国福利的原则已经不再能确保你可以抵御失业的风险以及在灾难发生时让你无条件地获取救济金了。
hijack
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 劫持
n. 劫持；强行控制；操控
【例】[n]操控 2013年阅读Text 1
By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
【参考译文：】克莱因认为，这些品牌通过提供廉价而入时的服装款式，控制了时尚周期，撼动了长久以来适应季节性步调的这一行业。
scale
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 规模；比例(尺)；鱼鳞；级别
v. 测量；攀登；刮去……的鳞片
circumstance
词频 ★★★★☆
n.情况；形势；环境
【例】[n]环境 2011年翻译
Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”
【参考译文：】艾伦的书之所以出名，部分是因为其观点：环境不能塑造人，但却能揭示一个人。
补充词汇
[词组］
under the circumstances = in the circumstances：在那种情况下
threaten
词频 ★★★★☆
v. 威胁；恐吓；预示
【例】[n]威胁 2010年翻译
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.
【参考译文：】当其中一类没有经济价值的物种受到威胁时，如果我们碰巧喜爱它，我们就会编一些借口使其具有经济上的重要性。
【例】[n]威胁 2013年阅读Text 3
But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
【参考译文：】但是，我们现在拥有足够的知识，来减少威胁早期人类生存的诸多危险，并改善人类未来的命运。
prospect
词频 ★★★★☆
n. 前景；前途；展望；可能性；希望
【例】[n]前景；前途 2013年阅读Text 3
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.
【参考译文：】从长远的视角来看，我们对于前景的悲观看法看上去更像一时兴起的念头。