dominate
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. 支配；控制；统治；占优势
【形近词：】dominant, domestic, predominance, predominantly
【例】[n]控制 2010年阅读新题型
The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.
【参考译文：】市场的运转基于灵活多变的市场趋势，而这种趋势是由潜在的买家控制的。
形近词
dominant
adj. 支配的；主要的；统治的；占优势的；显性的
【例】[n]支配的；主要的 2009年阅读新题型
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas.
【参考译文：】历史特殊论成为美国人类学研究中文化研究的主要方法。这在很大程度上是受博厄斯众多学生的影响。
domestic
adj. 国内的；本国的；家里的；家庭的
【例】[adj]家里的；家庭的 2008年阅读Text 1
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.
【参考译文：】女性所面对的人际暴力往往发生在家庭环境中，不幸的是，施暴者往往是父母或其他家庭成员，且这种暴力一般不会只有一次。
predominance
n. 优势；主导或支配的地位
predominantly
adv. 支配地；主要地
recruit
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. 新兵；新手；新成员
v. 招收；招募；征召；雇用
【例】[n]雇用 2012年阅读Text 1
Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should ___________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers’ experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
【参考译文：】罗森伯格认为公共卫生倡导者应该___________。
[A] 雇用专业的广告商
[B] 学习广告商的经验
[C] 远离商业广告商
[D] 认识到广告的局限
priority
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. 优先事项；优先权；最重要的事；当务之急
【例】[n]优先权 2009年阅读Text 3
It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.
[A] challenges economists and politicians
[B] takes efforts of generations
[C] demands priority from the government
[D] requires sufficient labor force
【参考译文：】第一段表明新型教育制度的建立__________。
[A] 向经济学家和政治家提出了挑战
[B] 要经过几代人的努力
[C] 需要政府给予优先权
[D] 需要充足的劳动力
hence
词频 ★★★☆☆
adv. 从此；今后；因此
neglect
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. 忽视；疏忽；疏漏；忽略
【形近词：】negative, negotiate
【例】[n]忽视；疏忽 2009年阅读Text 4
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect.
【参考译文：】用这种方法来看待新英格兰人通常意味着要首先研究清教徒在神学上的创新和他们对于教堂与众不同的看法——这些是我们不可忽视的重要主题。
【例】[n]忽视；疏忽 2011年阅读Text 4
Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
[C] Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
[D] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
【参考译文：】根据文章最后一段，我们可以推断出下列哪一项？
[A] 养育孩子对明星妈妈的魅力毫无贡献。
[B] 明星妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。
[C] 养育孩子加剧了我们对生活的不满。
[D] 我们有时忽视了抚养孩子带来的幸福感。
形近词
negative
adj. 负的，小于零的；负面的
【例】[adj]负面的 2011年阅读Text 3
The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ________.
[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers
[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing
[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition
[D] deserve all the negative comments about them
【参考译文：】作者在第三段暗示，赢得媒体 ________。
[A] 引发了与激动的消费者之间持续的冲突
[B] 可以用于制造对营销不利的负面影响
[C] 可能会造成更激烈的竞争
[D] 理应得到关于它们的所有负面评论
【例】[adj]负面的 2012年阅读Text 1
An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication.
【参考译文：】一些新兴的研究表明，好的以及坏的健康习惯都会通过社会交往在朋友之间传播。
negotiate
v. 谈判；协商
补充词汇
【词组】
be neglectful of：不关注；不注意；忽视
owe
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. 欠(钱)；欠(债)；应把……归功(于)
【例】[n]应把……归功(于) 2012年阅读Text 4
Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.
【参考译文：】其现任领袖埃德·米利班德的就任归功于公共部门工会的选票。
补充词汇
【词组】
owing to：由于，因为
revenue
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. 收入；财政收入，税收
【例】[n]财政收入，税收 2016年阅读Text 4
And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
【参考译文：】尽管印刷品的广告销量仍然领先于他们的在线版和手机版，但是印刷品的收入却仍在下降。
补充词汇
【同义词】
taxation
n. 课税；征税
vote
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. 投票；表决
n. 投票；选票；选票数
【形近词：】devoted
【例】[n]选票；选票数 2008年阅读Text 4
The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.
【参考译文：】一个奴隶计作五分之三个选民的规定使南方各州在总统选举团中的票数增加，从而使杰斐逊在1800年的总统选举中险胜。
【例】[n]选票；选票数 2012年阅读Text 4
Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.
【参考译文：】其现任领袖埃德·米利班德的就任归功于公共部门工会的选票。
【例】[n]投票 2012年阅读Text 2
Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
【参考译文：】安特吉公司的行为激怒了佛蒙特州参议院。去年，它以26票对4票的投票结果否决了该公司的延期(经营权)申请。
形近词
devoted
adj. 献身的；忠诚的
【例】[adj]忠诚的 2011年阅读Text 1
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.
【参考译文：】那些回应称唱片不能代替现场演出的忠实音乐会迷们没有抓住问题的关键。
补充词汇
【词组】
election campaign：选举运动
【同义词】
ballot
n. (无记名)投票；(无记名)选票；(无记名)表决
misery
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. 痛苦；苦难；不幸
【例】[n]痛苦 2011年阅读Text 4
Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
【参考译文：】不幸福的父母很少会去反思自己当初是否不该要孩子，但那些不幸福且无儿女的人们却被这样的观念所困扰：孩子是世上唯一最重要的东西。显然，没有孩子的缺憾直接导致了他们的痛苦
补充词汇
【词组】
be sorrowful of：伤心；悲伤
【同义词】
grief
n. 悲伤；悲痛
routine
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. 日常事务；例行公事；惯例；常规
adj. 常规的；例行的
【形近词：】routinely
【例】[n]惯例；常规 2009年阅读Text 1
We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.
【参考译文：】我们不假思索地按照习惯行事，将大脑设置为自动领航，并放松地进入熟悉的常规惯例带来的无意识的舒适状态。
【例】[n]惯例；常规 2014年完型
Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.
【参考译文：】最重要的是，它会不时地改进并升级你所玩的游戏，以增强你正在发展的脑力——这与有效的常规训练要求你增强耐力并锻炼各部位肌肉的功能在道理上十分相像。
形近词
routinely
adv. 例行地；通常地
【例】[adv]例行地；通常地 2014年阅读Text 4
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
【参考译文：】如今，教授们经常把对历史的激进式诠释和激进的公共政策当作研究的合适课题，同时将保守的或经典的自由主义理念——比如自由市场和自力更生——当作不合常规，甚至有时是不合常理的知识探索。
补充词汇
【词组】
circular bus route：循环巴士路线
inevitable
词频 ★★★☆☆
adj. 不可避免的；必然发生的
【例】[adj]不可避免的；必然发生的 2014年阅读Text 3
But the Nobel Foundation’ s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
【参考译文：】但是，诺贝尔基金会限制每个奖项最多只能有三个获奖人，且每个人都必须健在。然而，现代科学研究是合作式的，因此这项规定早就显得不合时宜了。例如，当认可希格斯玻色子的发现成果时，就不可避免地会引发争论：到底哪位科学家被忽视了。
补充词汇
【同义词】
unavoidable
adj. 不可避免的
solve
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. 解决；解答
【形近词：】resolve, solution
【例】[n]解决 2014年阅读Text 4
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
【参考译文：】为了鼓励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁增加研究投入，设计有衔接性的课程体系，以提高学生在21世纪有效解决问题和交流的能力，增加教师科研基金投入，鼓励学者学以致用，应对当今的巨大挑战。
形近词
resolve
v. 决定；下定决心；（指委员会或集会）表决；解决(问题、疑问等)；分解；使分解为
solution
n. 解决；解决方法；溶液
【例】[n]解决；解决方法 2014年阅读Text 2
In this text, the author mainly discusses ______.
[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes
[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America
[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it
[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education
【参考译文：】在这篇文章中，作者主要讨论了______。
[A] 美国律师事务所所有权的缺陷及其成因
[B] 有助于在美国做一名成功律师的因素
[C] 美国法律行业存在的一个问题及其解决方法
[D] 美国法律教育中本科教育的作用
commerce
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. 商业；贸易
【形近词：】commercialized, commercial, e-commerce
形近词
commercialized
adj. 商业化的
commercial
adj. 商业的；商务的
n. 商业广告
【例】[n]商业广告 2011年阅读Text 3
While traditional “paid” media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.
【参考译文：】虽然电视广告和平面广告等传统“付费”媒介仍然扮演着重要角色，但企业如今还可以开发许多其他形式的媒介。
e-commerce
n. 电子商务
【例】[n]电子商务 2010年阅读新题型
Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.
【参考译文：】大多数主要零售商已经尝试过电子商务，但是成果有限，也尝试了海外扩张。但是，几乎所有人都忽略了隐藏在自家后院里的巨大的、可赢利的机会，那就是饮食产品的批发，这似乎正是市场零售商所需要的。
circuit
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. 环道；(尤指工作时的)巡回；电路
【例】[n](尤指工作时的)巡回 2010年阅读Text 2
In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.
【参考译文：】美国联邦巡回上诉法院的一个举动让知识产权律师议论纷纷，那就是它宣称将使用一个特案来对商业方法专利开展广泛复查。
integrate
词频 ★★★☆☆
v. (使)成为一体；(使)结合；(使)合并；(使)融入
【形近词：】integration, integrated, disintegrate
形近词
integration
n. 结合；整合；一体化；混合；融合
integrated
adj. 整体的；完全的；连成一体的；互相协调的
【例】[adj]互相协调的 2009年阅读新题型
Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
【参考译文：】该理论的支持者将文化视为互相协调的各部分的集合，这些部分共同协作，以保持社会正常运作。
disintegrate
v. (使)破裂；(使)崩溃；(使)瓦解；(使)解体
补充词汇
【词组】
integrate with：(使)与……结合在一起
disorder
词频 ★★★☆☆
n. (身心机能的)失调；不适；紊乱；疾病；杂乱；混乱
【形近词：】distort
【例】[n]疾病 2008年阅读Text 1
Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.
【参考译文：】在应对压力时，女性比男性容易患抑郁症和焦虑症。
形近词
distort
v. 歪曲；扭曲；曲解
【例】[v]扭曲 2014年阅读Text 3
They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.
【参考译文：】他们会扭曲同行评审导向研究的基于成就的系统。