unit 02

peer [pɪə(r)][pɪə(r)]

词频 ★★★★★

n. 同龄人;同等地位的人;贵族

v. 仔细看;费力地看

【例】[n]同龄人  2007年阅读Text 2

Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.

【参考译文:】但像莎凡那样超高的分数是不可能重现了,因为现在的分数是根据同龄人的人口统计分布来计算的,而不是简单地用心理年龄除以实际年龄再乘以100。

【例】[n]仔细看  2007年阅读Text 4

Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year ... have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.

【参考译文:】今年发生了几起大规模顾客和员工数据泄露事件……使得管理人员不得不赶紧细查他们复杂的信息科技系统和商业程序,以寻找其潜在的弱点。

【例】[n]同龄人;同等地位的人  2012年阅读Text 1

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.

【参考译文:】然而,我们还远不能确定,专家和官员在选择我们的同辈群体,并引导他们的行为向正确的方向发展方面能做得多成功。

补充词汇

【词组】

gaze at:凝视;注视

stare at:盯;凝视

glare at:长久地怒视;瞪着

【同义词】

contemporary [kənˈtemp(ə)r(ə)ri]

n. 同代人

issue [ˈɪʃuː][ˈɪʃuː]

词频 ★★★★★

v. 发行,发表;发布;发,发放

n. 问题,争端;(报刊的)期、号、版次

【形近词:】tissue

【例】[n]问题;争端  2016年阅读Text 2

The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.

【参考译文:】问题不在于对更多房子的需求,而一如既往地在于在何处安置这些房子。

形近词

tissue [ˈtɪʃuː]

n. 组织;薄的纱织品;面巾纸

【例】[n]组织  2008年阅读 Text 3

Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues.

【参考译文:】人在20岁后就很少会继续长高了,长高需要热量和营养物质—尤其是蛋白质—来满足不断生长的身体组织的需要。

claim [kleɪm][kleɪm]

词频 ★★★★★

v. 要求;主张;声称;断言;索取

n. 要求;主张;声称;断言;索赔;提要求的权利;(拥有或获得某物的)权利

【形近词:】proclaim, disclaim, acclaim

形近词

proclaim [prəˈkleɪm]

v. 宣布;声明;公布;明确表示

disclaim [dɪsˈkleɪm]

v. 放弃;拒绝承认;否认;放弃权利

【例】[v]否认  2008年翻译

He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.

【参考译文:】他否认自己具备像名人赫青黎那样的快速理解力或智慧。

acclaim [əˈkleɪm]

v. 向……欢呼;称赞;为…… 喝彩;宣布;欢呼;喝彩

【例】[v]称赞  2010年阅读新题型

At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

【参考译文:】无论如何,这种变化终将受到日益增长的国内外消费者的称赞,不管当前的消费模式还能坚持多久。

补充词汇

【词组】

lay claim to:对……提出所有权要求

【同义词】

allege [əˈledʒ]

v. (未提出证据而)断言;指称;声称

【例】[adj]所谓的;所声称的(此处为allege的形容词形式)  2010年完型

This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.

【参考译文:】这表明所谓的“霍桑效应”是很难证实的。

contend [kənˈtend]

v. 声称;主张

assert [əˈsɜː(r)t]

v. 声称;断言

patent [ˈpeɪt(ə)nt][ˈpeɪt(ə)nt][ˈpeɪt(ə)nt]

词频 ★★★★★

v. 取得……的专利权;授予专利

adj. 专利的;明显的

n. 专利;专利权;专利品

【例】[n]专利  2010年阅读Text 2

Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.

【参考译文:】在过去的十年里,数以千计的专利被授予了各种所谓的“商业方法”。

补充词汇

【词组】

intellectual property:知识产权

court [kɔː(r)t]

词频 ★★★★★

n. 法院,法庭;球场;庭院

【形近词:】courteous

【例】[n]法院  2013年阅读Text 4

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.

【参考译文:】美国联邦最高法院周一以5 : 3的投票结果否决了亚利桑那州移民法的大部分内容。对奥巴马政府而言,这是它在政策方面取得的一次小胜。

形近词

courteous [ˈkɜː(r)tiəs]

adj. 有礼貌的

line [laɪn][laɪn]

词频 ★★★★★

n. 行,列;(思想或行动的)步骤;方式,方法;路线;线路;(铁道或公交)线路;行业,行当;队,队伍;血统;家族;界线

v.排队;加衬,做里子

【形近词:】hardline, underline, decline, online, offline, coastline, deadline, incline, baseline, airline, outline, lineage, pipeline, guideline

【例】[n]路线  2015年阅读Text 1

The British royals have most to fear because Charles______.

[A] takes a tough line on political issues

[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised

[C] takes republicans as his potential allies

[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role

【参考译文:】英国皇室有很多担忧,因为查尔斯______。

[A] 在政治问题上采取强硬路线

[B] 未能听从建议,改变生活方式

[C] 将共和主义者作为他的潜在同盟

[D] 未能适应他未来的角色

形近词

hardline [ˈhɑː(r)dˌlaɪn]

adj. 强硬的

【例】[adj]强硬的  2012年阅读Text 4

In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.

【参考译文:】在威斯康辛州,工会召集了成千上万的支持者来反对强硬的共和党州长斯科特·沃克。

underline [ˌʌndə(r)ˈlaɪn]

v. 在……下划线;强调;突出

【例】[adj]在……下划线的(此处为underline的形容词形式 )  2010年阅读Text 3

The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who ______.

【参考译文:】第四段中标有下划线的短语“these people”指代的是那些 ______的人。

decline [dɪˈklaɪn]

v./n. 下降;衰退;减少

【例】[n]减少  2013年阅读 Text 3

Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”

【参考译文:】查一下国际自然保护联盟濒危物种“红色名录”上的“智人”(“现代人”的学名)这一词条,你会看到:“该物种最无须关注,分布非常广泛,适应性强,目前数量仍在不断增加,尚无导致其数量普遍减少的主要威胁”。

online [ˈɒnlaɪn]

adj. 在线的

【例】[adj]在线的  2014年阅读 Text 1

Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

【参考译文:】失业者只有带着简历到就业中心,注册网上求职并开始找工作,他们才有资格获得救济金。随后他们必须每周,而不是每两周报告一次。

offline [ˌɒfˈlaɪn]

adj. 离线的

coastline [ˈkəʊstˌlaɪn]

n. 海岸线

deadline [ˈdedˌlaɪn]

n. 最后期限;截止时间

【例】[n]截止时间  2007年阅读新题型

Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met.

【参考译文:】分配家务活,并确保他们能按时完成家庭作业。

incline [ɪnˈklaɪn]

v. 倾斜;倾向;易于

baseline [ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn]

n. 基线;基准

airline [ˈeə(r)ˌlaɪn]

n. 航线;航空公司

【例】[n]航空公司  2007年阅读Text 3

Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.

【参考译文:】和数百万的家庭一样,炼钢工人、航空公司员工以及如今的汽车工业从业者们都不得不开始担心利率、股市涨跌以及一个残酷的现实:他们也许会提前花完自己的退休养老金。

outline [ˈaʊtlaɪn]

n. 轮廓;大纲;概要;略图

【例】[n]大纲  2008年阅读新题型

Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft.

【参考译文:】要灵活。你的写作提纲应当顺利地指引你从一个论点过渡到下一个论点,但是不能让它迫使你仓促行事。当你忽然想到一个与文章相关的重要论点,马上写到草稿上。

lineage [ˈlɪniɪdʒ]

n. 血统;家系;家族

【例】[n]血统  2009年阅读Text 2

Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers.

【参考译文:】但是大多数的血统检测只考察一个单一血统,要么是通过父辈遗传下来的Y染色体,要么是只能从母亲那里遗传下来的线粒体DNA。

pipeline [ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn]

n. 管线,管道;在筹备中 (in the pipeline)

guideline [ˈɡaɪdˌlaɪn]

n. 指导原则

补充词汇

【词组】

in line with:和……成直线;与……一致;按照

【近义词】

series [ˈsɪəriːz]

n. 一连串;一系列;连续;接连(广播或电视的)系列节目;系列片

【例】[n]一连串;一系列  2007年阅读Text 1

His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.

【参考译文:】他的首次试验是在大约三十年以前进行的,与记忆相关:训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字,然后将其复述出来。

row [rəʊ]

n. 排,行

boundary [ˈbaʊnd(ə)ri]

n. 边界;分界线

bound [baʊnd]

n. 界限;限制

route [ruːt]

n. 路线

succession [səkˈseʃ(ə)n]

n. 继承;连续

procession [prəˈseʃ(ə)n]

n. 队伍;行列

value [ˈvæljuː][ˈvæljuː]

词频 ★★★★★

n. 价格;价值;实用性;重要性

v. 评价,估计;尊重,重视

【形近词:】overvalue, devalued

形近词

overvalue [ˌəʊvə(r)ˈvæljuː]

v. 对……估价过高;过分重视

【例】[v]对……估价过高  2010年阅读Text 4

It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.

【参考译文:】恰恰是银行脱离实际,它们的账目大大高估了资产。

devalued [diːˈvæljuːd]

adj. 贬值的;减值的

补充词汇

【同义词】

worth [wɜː(r)θ]

n. 价值;财产

【近义词】

significance [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns]

n. 意义;重要性

view [vjuː][vjuː]

词频 ★★★★★

n. 观点;视点;景色;眼界

v. 视为;看待;观察

【形近词:】interview, viewer, review, reviewer, worldview

形近词

interview [ˈɪntə(r)ˌvjuː][ˈɪntə(r)ˌvjuː]

n. 面试;面谈;接见;采访

v. 采访;接见;对……进行面谈;对某人进行面试

【例】[n]面试  2004年阅读Text 2

Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

【参考译文:】求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单往往都是按字母表顺序排列的,当名单接受者费劲地向下查看时,兴趣随之索然。

viewer [ˈvjuːə(r)]

n. 电视观众;观察者;观看者;指示器

review [rɪˈvjuː][rɪˈvjuː]

n. 评论;回顾;复习;评审;审查

v. 回顾;检查;复审;复习功课;写评论

【例】[n]评审  2008年阅读Text 2

A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.

【参考译文:】杂志编辑然后会隐去论文上作者的名字和附属机构,将其送交同行专家评议。

【例】[n]评审  2009年阅读Text 2

In addition, the computer programs a company use to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

【参考译文:】另外,一个公司使用的评估血缘关系的计算机程序可能申报了专利,因此就无法对它们进行同行评审或外界评估。

reviewer [rɪˈvjuːə(r)]

n. 评论者;评论家

【例】[n]评论者;评论家  2010年阅读Text 1

Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.

【参考译文:】他们的事业是严肃的,甚至像萧伯纳和欧内斯特·纽曼那样不夸耀自己学问的评论家们,人们也相信他们知道自己在做什么。

worldview [ˈwɜː(r)ldˌvju]

n. 世界观

补充词汇

【词组】

in view of:鉴于,考虑到;由于;在……能看见的范围内

in view:在能看见的范围内;在考虑之中;作为目标

on view:在展出;在容易看见的地方

take sth. in view = take sth. into account:考虑

【同义词】

perspective [pə(r)ˈspektɪv]

n. 观点;(尤指受到某种思想、经验影响的)思考方法;态度;角度;透视画法

【例】[n]角度  2013年阅读Text 3

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.

【参考译文:】从长远的视角来看,我们对于前景的悲观看法看上去更像是一时兴起的念头。

individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl][ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]

词频 ★★★★★

adj. 个人的;单独的;独特的

n. 个人,个体

【形近词:】individually

形近词

individually [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəli]

adv. 个别地,单独地

补充词汇

[反义词]

collective [kəˈlektɪv]

adj. 集体的;共同的;总的;集合的

【例】[adj]集体的;共同的  2012年阅读Text 3

But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.

【参考译文:】但是,将一个发现声明转变为一个成熟的发现需要经过集体的审视和认同。

economic [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk]

词频 ★★★★★

adj. 经济(上)的;经济学的

【形近词:】uneconomic, economics, economically, socioeconomic

【例】[adj]经济(上)的  2009年阅读Text 3

We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it.

【参考译文:】我们不得不猜测,即便政府不采取强制措施,持续的经济增长也会推动教育的发展。

形近词

uneconomic [ˌʌniːkəˈnɒmɪk]

adj. 不经济的;不赢利的

economics [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks]

n. 经济学

economically [iːkəˈnɔmɪkli]

adv. 节约地,节俭地;在经济上

【例】[adv]在经济上  2007年完型

Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence shared the ideals of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.

【参考译文:】许多独立领导人出生于旧政权和伊比利亚殖民统治岌岌可危之时,他们怀有共同的理想:代表制政府、向人才开放的职业、自由的商业贸易、对私有财产所有权的尊重以及对“个体是社会基础”的信念的坚持。当时普遍存在这样的观念:新国家应该是独立自主的国家,经济上足以独立生存发展,并且通过一套特定的法律统一在一起。

socioeconomic [ˌsəʊʃiəʊˌekəˈ-nɒmɪk]

adj. 社会经济的

补充词汇

【词组】

fiscal cliff:财政悬崖

IMF:国际货币基金组织 (International Monetary Fund)

【近义词】

financial [faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l]

adj. 财政的;财务的;金融的

【例】[adj]财务的  2015年阅读Text 2

A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.

【参考译文:】智能手机中可能包含被捕者的阅读历史、财务历史、药物历史和近期通讯的全面记录。

fiscal [ˈfɪsk(ə)l]

adj. 财政的;国库的

monetary [ˈmʌnɪt(ə)ri]

adj. 货币的

create [kriˈeɪt]

词频 ★★★★★

v. 创造,创作;引起,造成;建立

【形近词:】creature, creative, recreate, creativity, creation, creationism, creationist, procreation

形近词

creature [ˈkriːtʃə(r)]

n. 人;生物;动物

creative [kriˈeɪtɪv]

adj. 创造的;有创造力的;创造性的;启发想象力的

recreate [ˌriːkriˈeɪt]

v. 再创造;再创建;重现

creativity [ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti]

n. 创造力;创造

【例】[n]创造  2009年阅读Text 1

So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.

【参考译文:】因此,将创造、创新与习惯放在同一个背景下讨论似乎是相互矛盾的。

creation [kriˈeɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 创造,创立;创作;创造物,作品

【例】[n]创造,创立  2008年阅读Text 1

Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America.

【参考译文:】拥有奴隶“就像拥有一个大的银行账户”,《不完美的上帝:乔治·华盛顿,他的奴隶和美国的诞生》的作者温瑟柯说。

creationism [kriˈeɪʃ(ə)nɪz(ə)m]

n. 创造宇宙说;创世论;神造说

creationist [krɪˈeɪʃnɪst]

n. 创世论者;造物主义者

procreation [ˌprəʊkriˈeɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 生育;生殖

【例】[n]生育;生殖  2011年阅读Text 4

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?

【参考译文:】在一个如此坚持赞美生育的社会中,承认自己后悔生小孩就相当于承认自己支持杀害小猫一样,这有什么奇怪的吗?

legal [ˈliːɡ(ə)l]

词频 ★★★★★

adj. 法律的;法定的;合法的;正当的

【形近词:】illegal

【例】[adj]法律的  2014年阅读Text 2

After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions.

【参考译文:】要知道,澳大利亚和英国等其他一些国家已经开始解放其法律行业。

形近词

illegal [ɪˈliːɡ(ə)l][ɪˈliːɡ(ə)l]

adj. 非法的;违法的;违反规则的

n. 非法移民

补充词汇

【同义词】

lawful [ˈlɔːf(ə)l]

adj. 合法的;法定的

【近义词】

legitimate [lɪˈdʒɪtəmət][lɪˈdʒɪtəmət]

adj. 合法的;合情理的

v. 使(尤其是坏事)合法化

【例】[adj]合法的  2013年阅读Text 4

In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.

【参考译文:】实际上,白宫宣称它可以使其他任何它不同意的合法州法律变得无效。

official [əˈfɪʃ(ə)l][əˈfɪʃ(ə)l]

adj. 官方的;法定的

n. 官员;行政人员

【例】[n]官员  2012年阅读Text 1

But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

【参考译文:】但是,在其新书《加入俱乐部》中,蒂娜·罗森伯格主张,通过“社会治愈”,“同辈压力”也能成为一种积极的力量。她所谓的“社会治愈”是指机构和官员运用群体力量来帮助个体改善他们的生活,乃至整个世界。

consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)]

词频 ★★★★★

v. 认为;把……看作;考虑;细想;体谅;照顾

【形近词:】consideration, reconsider, considerable, considering

【例】[n]把……看作  2011年阅读Text 4

Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.

【参考译文:】西尼尔没有对孩子到底让父母快乐还是痛苦这一问题下结论,而是建议我们需要重新定义幸福:幸福不能以时时刻刻的快乐来衡量,相反,我们应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。

形近词

consideration [kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 体贴;关心;考虑;要考虑的事;报酬;补偿费

reconsider [ˌriːkənˈsɪdə(r)]

v. 重新考虑

【例】[v]重新考虑  2010年阅读Text 2

The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.

【参考译文:】联邦巡回法院颁布了一项不寻常的指令,声明该案将由法庭所有12名法官,而不是由通常的三人小组进行审理。联邦巡回法院还想通过此举来评估是否应该重新考虑其对美国道富银行的裁定。

considerable [kənˈsɪd(ə)rəb(ə)l]

adj. 相当大(或多)的

【例】[adj]相当大(或多)的  2008年翻译

Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight.

【参考译文:】到30岁或30岁以后,多种诗歌给他带来了极大的快乐。以前,绘画和音乐也曾给他带来相当大的乐趣。

considering [kənˈsɪdərɪŋ]

prep. 考虑到;就……而论;鉴于

【例】[prep]考虑到;就…而论  2011年阅读Text 4

No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round- the-clock help) is a piece of cake.

【参考译文:】这并不奇怪,想想看,一个人养孩子而没有伴侣可以依靠需要做多少工作。可是,你听听桑德拉和布兰妮说的:自己“一个人”养孩子是小菜一碟(当然了,她们有全天候的帮手)。

补充词汇

【词组】

consider … as:把……视作;把……看作

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